What do the latest studies say about tongkat ali and testosterone?
I've been diving into recent research on tongkat ali and its effects on testosterone levels, but the findings seem mixed. A meta-analysis by D. Ismail et al. (2023) showed a moderate effect size (ES = 0.63) in increasing testosterone among males, while a study by H. Rahman (2023) found no significant impact in older adults. Sample sizes and methodologies vary widely, making it hard to pinpoint its efficacy. Anyone else analyzing these studies or have thoughts on how to interpret these results practically for lifting gains?