Concurrent Training: How Does Lifting + Cardio Really Impact Gains?
I've been digging into concurrent training research and it seems like the findings are all over the place. Some studies suggest cardio negatively impacts hypertrophy, like Schoenfeld's meta-analysis, where effect sizes vary significantly based on cardio intensity and timing. Others, like those from Helms and Israetel, point out that moderate cardio doesn't hinder strength gains.
Can anyone break down the current consensus on how to optimize lifting while including cardio in our routines? Are there specific methodologies we should follow to minimize interference effects?